Pestalotiopsis
Pestalotiopsis Steyaert, Bull. Jard. bot. État Brux. 19: 300 (1949)
Xylariomycetidae, Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae, Pestalotiopsis
Index Fungorum number: IF 9272; Facesoffungi number: FoF 02124; 225 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2020); 138 species with sequence data.
Pathogenic or saprobic on plants. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered or gregarious, immersed, subglobose to globose, with central black irregular ostioles. Peridium containing 3–5 layers of brown, relatively thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner cells flattened and thin-walled. Paraphyses with few septa, base relatively wide and narrowing to free ends. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, pedicel short, with a distinct J+, amyloid apical ring in ascus apex. Ascospores pale yellowish brown, uniseriate, or 1-seriate in the upper part and 2-seriate at the base, oblong to ellipsoidal or fusiform, smooth or verrucose. Asexual morph: Conidiomata dark brown to black, acervular or pycnidial, subglobose, globose, clavate, solitary or aggregated, immersed to erumpent, unilocular to pluri-loculate. Conidiophores hyaline, branded and septate, occasionally reduced to conidiogenous cells, smooth. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, discrete, cylindrical, lageniform to ampulliform, smooth- and thin-walled; conidiogenesis initially holoblastic, percurrent proliferations to produce other conidia at slightly higher levels. Conidia fusoid, ellipsoid, subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, slightly constricted at septa; basal cell conical to cylindric with a truncate base; three median cells doliiform, concolourous, light brown to olivaceous, wall rugose to verruculose; apical cell conic to cylindrical, thin- and smooth-walled; with tubular apical appendages, one to numerous, filiform or attenuated, flexuous, branched or unbranched, with or without spatulate tips; basal appendage single, tubular, centric (adapted from Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016).
Type species: Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert [as 'guepini'], Bull. Jard. bot. État Brux. 19(3): 312 (1949)
Notes: Pestalotiopsis was erected by Steyaert (1949). Pestalotiopsis species occur worldwide, as saprobes, endophytes or opportunistic pathogens on economically important plants as well as ornamental crops (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b, 2016). The diversity and phylogenetic affinities based on ITS, tub2 and tef1 gene regions for this genus have been discussed comprehensively in several studies (Jeewon et al. 2003, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014a, Liu et al. 2019).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola Yan M. Zhang & K.D. Hyde
Pestalotiopsis clavata Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
References:
Jeewon R, Cai L, Liew ECY, Zhang KQ et al. 2003 – Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis gen. et sp. nov. from Fuxian Lake, Yunnan, China, and notes on the taxonomic confusion surrounding Dyrithium. Mycologia 95, 911–920
Liu F, Bonthond G, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Crous PW. 2019 – Sporocadaceae, a family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia. Studies in mycology 92, 287–415
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Guo LD, Cai L, Chukeatirote E et al. 2012 – A multi-locus backbone tree for Pestalotiopsis, with a polyphasic characterization of 14 new species. Fungal Diversity 56, 95–129
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Guo LD, Chukeatirote E, Bahkali AH et al. 2011 – Pestalotiopsis– morphology, phylogeny, biochemistry and diversity. Fungal Diversity 50, 167–187
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Guo LD, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. 2014a – Improving the backbone tree for the genus Pestalotiopsis; addition of P. steyaertii and P. magna sp. nov. Mycological Progress 13, 617–624
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Guo LD, Chukeatirote E, McKenzie EHC et al. 2013 – A destructive new disease of Syzygium samarangense in Thailand caused by the new species Pestalotiopsis samarangensis. Tropical Plant Pathology 38, 227–235
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Groenewald JZ, Xu J et al. 2014b – Pestalotiopsis revisited. Studies in Mycology 79, 121–186
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2016 – Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317
Steyaert RL. 1949 – Contribution a l’etude monographique de Pestalotia de Not. et Monochaetia Sacc. (Truncatella gen. nov. et Pestalotiopsis gen. nov.). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l' etat, Bruxelles 19, 285–354
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