Ijuhya
Ijuhya Starbäck, Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Afd. 3 25(no. 1): 30 (1899)
Hypocreomycetidae, Hypocreales, Ijuhyaceae, Ijuhya
Index Fungorum number: IF 2482; Facesoffungi number: ; 22 morphological species; 14 species with sequence data
Saprobic on wood and herbaceous debris, occurring on fresh plant material, sometimes fungicolous or parasitic on nematodes, in terrestrial or marine habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, solitary or in groups, astromatic, with a thin basal subiculum or sometimes stromatic, superficial, sometimes arranged in rows of 2–8, superficial or initially immersed and later become erumpent, globose, depressed subglobose or subglobose to ellipsoidal, not collapsing or laterally pinched to slightly cupulate upon drying, apapillate or papillate hyaline, white to pale yellow, sienna, dull orange to orange, orange-yellow, reddish-orange or brownish-orange, KOH−/+ discoloured, LA-. Ostiolar canal lined with periphyses. Ascomatal apex faintly or acutely papillate, faintly clypeate or in other species flat, usually discoid; disk formed of intertwined hyphae that often develop into triangular fasciculate hairs forming an apical crown. Peridium of 1, 2 or 3-strata. Hamathecium composed of septate, branched, filamented apical paraphyses, merging with periphyses, evanescent. Asci 3–8-spored, unitunicate, persistent or semi-persistent, subcylindrical, obclavate clavate or widely fusiform, evanescent, apex rounded, without an apical ring. Ascospores uni- or bi-seriate, irregularly biseriate or multiseriate to fasciculate, ellipsoidal or clavate to fusiform to long fusiform, 0–1-to multi-septate or muriform, straight to slightly curved, hyaline or apricot coloured, smooth-walled to striate or spinulose, sometimes strongly cyanophilous, sometimes with an evanescent mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, acremonium-like. Conidiophores originate from somatic hyphae, monophialidic, mononematous, straight, with one basal septum, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary or aggregated at the tip of phialide, ellipsoidal to cylindrical, aseptate, with or without a visible abscission scar, guttulate, hyaline, smooth-walled. Microsclerotia rarely formed, often ellipsoidal to cylindrical oblong or occasionally globose, orange to brownish orange or brick red, KOH- (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Type species: Ijuhya peristomialis (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels, in Rossman, Samuels, Rogerson & Lowen, Stud. Mycol. 42: 34 (1999)
Notes: Starbäck (1899) established Ijuhya for I. vitrea. Ijuhya species are mainly saprobic, growing on wood and herbaceous debris. Ijuhya species were also isolated from fresh plant material, ascomata of pyrenomycetes fungi (Lechat and Hairaud 2012, Lechat and Courtecuisse 2010, Rossman et al. 1999) and few are parasitic on nematodes such as Heterodera filipjevi, a cereal cyst nematode (Ashrafi et al. 2017). The genus is characterized by white to pale coloured ascomata, with an apical crown of fasciculate hairs and, ascomata lack KOH or lactic acid reactions. Ijuhya vitellina is the only species in the genus associated with nematodes (Ashrafi et al. 2017). Ijuhya vitellina varies from other Ijuhya species by its brightly coloured, orange to reddish microsclerotia, which are new to the genus (Ashrafi et al. 2017). Nannfeldt (1936) believed Ijuhya and Peristomialis were taxonomic synonyms. After observing the type specimens, Samuels (1976a, b) recognized Ijuhya vitrea and Peristomialis berkeleyi are the same fungus. However, Samuels (1976a, b) considered Ijuhya and Peristomialis to be synonyms of Nectria. Rossman et al. (1999) resurrected Ijuhya (in Bionectriaceae) and retained Ijuhya peristomialis as the type. We consider Peristomialis as a synonymy of Ijuhya following previous studies. Ashrafi et al. (2017) provided DNA sequence data for Ijuhya peristomialis (CBS 569.76 = G.J.S. 73–314) and demonstrated Ijuhya is distinct from Nectria. In the phylogenetic analysis carried out by Perera et al. (2023), Ijuhya species clustered with Kallichroma species with strong statistical support (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Ijuhya peristomialis (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels
References:
Perera RH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al. 2023 – Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. Fungal Diversity 118, 95–271.
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