Mycoarachis
Mycoarachis Malloch & Cain, Can. J. Bot. 48(10): 1820 (1970)
Hypocreomycetidae, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae, Mycoarachis
Index Fungorum number: IF 3304; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10887; 2 morphological species; 1 species with sequence data
Saprobic, coprophilous, on herbivore dung. Sexual morph: Ascomata cleistothecial, astromatic, superficial, subglobose to globose, dark olive-green to black, glabrous, lacking ostioles. Peridium two strata; outer stratum of hyaline to pale brown angular cells; inner stratum of dark brown flattened cells. Paraphyses lacking. Asci 4–8-spored, unitunicate, subglobose to globose, evanescent, irregulary disposed, non-pedicellate. Ascospores cylindrical to broadly ellipsoidal, equally 1-septate, strongly constricted at the septum, hyaline, smooth-walled, lacking germ pores. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, acremonium-like. Conidiophores simple or rarely branched, sepate, tapering towards the apex, bearing a simple phialide at the apex. Conidia aggregated at the tips of phialides, ellipsoid, fusiform, ovoid, cylindrical or allantoid, aseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Type species: Mycoarachis inversa Malloch & Cain, Can. J. Bot. 48(10): 1822 (1970)
Notes: Mycoarachis was established by Malloch and Cain (1970) for Mycoarachis inversa and placed in cleistothecial family Pseudeurotiaceae. Valldosera and Guarro (1988) added a second species, Mycoarachis tetraspora to the genus. Benny and Kimbrough (1980) believed that the genus belonged in Hypocreales by considering the ascospore characters and acremonium-like asexual morph. Later, some authors recognised Mycoarachis as a Hypocreales member related to Bionectria, based on LSU phylogeny (Rehner & Samuels 1994, 1995, Suh & Blackwell 1999). Rossman et el. (1999) treated Mycoarachis in Bionectriaceae and this was followed by subsequent authors (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016, Wijayawardene et al. 2020, 2022, Hyde et al. 2020). Mycoarachis species are coprophilous isolated from herbivore dung (Malloch & Cain 1970, Valldosera & Guarro 1988, Abdullah & Alutby 1999, Rossman et al. 1999). Two species are accommodated in Mycoarachis (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Mycoarachis inversa Malloch & Cain
References:
Abdullah SK, Alutby SD 1999 – Additions to coprophilous fungi of Iraq V: cleistothecial ascomycetes. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 18, 81–86.
Benny GL, Kimbrough JW 1980 – A synopsis of the orders and families of Plectomycetes with keys to genera. Mycotaxon 12, 1–91.
Hyde KD, Norphanphoun C, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al. 2020 – Refined families of Sordariomycetes. Mycosphere 11, 305–1059.
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG et al. 2015 – Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 72, 199–301.
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG et al. 2016 Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317.
Malloch D, Cain RF 1970 – Five new genera in the new family Pseudeurotiaceae. Canadian Journal of Botany 48, 1815–1825.
Perera RH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al. 2023 – Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. Fungal Diversity 118, 95–271.
Rehner SA, Samuels GJ 1994 – Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycological Research 98, 625–634.
Rehner SA, Samuels GJ 1995 – Molecular systematics of the Hypocreales: a teleomorph gene phylogeny and the status of their anamorphs. Canadian Journal of Botany 73, 816–823.
Rossman AY, Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT et al. 1999 – Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42, 1–248.
Suh SO, Blackwell M 1999 – Molecular phylogeny of the cleistothecial fungi placed in Cephalothecaceae and Pseudeurotiaceae. Mycologia 91, 836–848.
Valldosera M, Guarro J 1988 – Coprophilous fungi from Spain IX Mycoarachis tetraspora sp. nov. Nova Hedwigia 47, 231–234.
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LK et al. 2020 – Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11, 1060–1456.
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Dai DQ et al. 2022 – Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021. Mycosphere 13, 53–453.
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