Pronectria
Pronectria Clem., in Clements & Shear, Gen. fung., Edn 2 (Minneapolis): 78 (1931)
Hypocreomycetidae, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae, Pronectria
Index Fungorum number: IF 4370; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10897; 48 morphological species; 1 species with sequence data
Lichenicolous, algicolous, possibly parasitic. Sexual morph: Ascomata astromatic, solitary or gregarious, immersed, with apex erumpent through the surface, subglobose to pyriform, red, slightly papillate, orange to pale yellow, KOH-, lactic acid-, ostiolate. Ostiolar canal lined with periphyses. Peridium cells angular in surface view, outer strata composed of thick-walled, ellipsoid cells; inner stratum of hyaline, compressed, thin-walled cells; ostiole surrounded by parallel layers of elongate cells. Paraphyses anastomosing, only noticeable when young, early deliquescing. Asci generally 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate to subclavate, thin-walled, I-. Ascospores biseriate in the centre, uniseriate above and below, ellipsoid, usually aseptate, hyaline, smooth- to verruculose-walled. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, acremonium (cylindromonium)-like (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Type species: Pronectria lichenicola (Ces.) Clem., in Clements & Shear, Gen. fung., Edn 2 (Minneapolis): 282 (1931)
Notes: Clements and Shear (1931) introduced Pronectria for the lichenicolous taxon P. lichenicola, which had been hitherto considered in Nectriella. Clements and Shear (1931) segregated Pronectria from Nectriella and placed the taxon with lichenicolous lifestyle and one-septate, hyaline ascospores in Pronectria. However, Rogerson (1970) treated Pronectria as a synonym of Nectriella. Lowen (1990, 1991) believed Pronectria is a distinct genus and resurrected the genus providing new species combinations. This taxonomic treatment was followed by subsequent authors (Rossman et al. 1999; Etayo 2002; Berger et al. 2021; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016; Wijayawardene et al. 2018, 2020, 2022; Hyde et al. 2020). Pronectria species occur on lichens and algae (Clements and Shear 1931; Etayo 2002; Khodosovtsev et al. 2012; Rossman et al. 1999). They are characterized by astromatic, KOH-, perithecial ascomata, often 1-septate (rarely 2–7-septate), hyaline ascospores with smooth or ornamented- walls and, lichenicolous or algicolous habit (Rossman et al. 1999; Berger et al. 2021). Forty-eight species are accommodated in Pronectria (Species Fungorum 2022a, b) (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Pronectria lichenicola (Ces.) Clem.
References:
Perera RH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al. 2023 – Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. Fungal Diversity 118, 95–271.
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