Hypomyces
Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 13: 11 (1860) = Cladobotryum Nees, Syst. Pilze (Würzburg): 56 (1816) [1816–17]
Hypocreomycetidae, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae, Hypomyces
Index Fungorum number: IF 2446; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10847; 115 morphological species; 54 species with sequence data
Fungicolous, mycopathogen, generally on Basidiomycota, sometimes associated with other Ascomycota, sometimes on bark or wood, mosses, and on the ground. Sexual morph: Subiculum mostly present, sparse to dense, white to buff, yellow to pale brown, brown or red, dark green to black. Subicular hyphae septate, branched, densely compacted, usually remaining filamentous. Ascomata perithecial, solitary to densely gregarious or caespitose, superficial on or immersed to semi-immersed in the subiculum, subglobose, pyriform or ovate or obpyriform, papillate, sometimes collapsing laterally when dry, hyaline, yellow, orange, tan, brown to dark brown or green, KOH−/+ red, purple or purplish black, surface smooth, occasionally with a furfuraceous coat of pale orange to yellow hyphae. Peridium up to 25 μm thick. Paraphyses lacking. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with a more or less thickened apex, mostly with a pore. Ascospores uniseriate, partially overlapping, ellipsoidal, lanceolate with rounded ends, or fusiform with blunt or acute, obscure to conspicuous apiculus at each end, 0–1-septate, rarely 3-septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, spinulose to verrucose or tuberculate. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, effused on host, also on subiculum, or occurring on cultures. Conidiophores usually micronematous, sometimes semimacronematous to macronematous, borne on mycelium or aerial or submerged hyphae, sometimes arranged in tufts, ascending to erect or suberect, aseptate or with 1 septum or septate abundantly, simple or branching verticillate dichotomous, drepanoid or irregular, sometimes confined to upper half giving conidiophores tree-like aspect, thin-walled, hyaline to yellowish, yellowish ochraceous, pale green or brownish yellow, forming verticils of conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells formed directly on conidiophores or on lateral branches arising singly or 2–13 in a verticil, subulate to cylindrical or ampulliform to long ampulliform attenuating to the tip, aseptate or rarely with one septum, producing one to several conidiogenous loci, not proliferating, or proliferating sympodially or percurrently, rarely with a periclinal thickening, occasionally bearing a collarette. Conidia solitary, ellipsoidal to fusiform, cylindrical, clavate, obovoid or ovoid, occasionally suballantoid, sometimes irregularly shaped, straight or curved, rarely sigmoid or semicircular, hyaline or pale yellowish green or green, apex sometimes refractive, 1–3(–4) septate, with a conspicuous or minute basal hilum, in imbricate chains appearing as radiating heads or columns. Chlamydospores present or lacking, formed on host tissue or cultures, subglobose to globose or ellipsoidal, hyaline to pale or yellowish ochraceous, pale brown or dark green, smooth-walled or rarely with roughened walls, occur as single cells or held in chains, sometimes forming irregular clusters or pigmented sclerotia-like aggregations, very rarely forming 3-celled aleurioconidia (Hypomyces mycogones) (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Type species: Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4 13: 11 (1860)
Notes: Hypomyces was raised from the subgenus of Hypocrea Fr., recognised by Fries (1825), to the rank of the genus by Tulasne and Tulasne (1860). Verrucose and apiculate ascospores are unique characters of Hypomyces (Rogerson and Samuels 1993). The link between Hypomyces and Cladobotryum asexual morphs have previously been revealed based on morphology (Rogerson and Samuels 1993, 1994). Põldmaa et al. (2003) and Põldmaa (2011) confirmed the link based on multigene phylogeny. Rossman et al. (2013) proposed to link the sexual morphic genus Hypomyces with asexual genus Cladobotryum and this has been followed by subsequent authors (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016, Hyde et al. 2020, Perera et al. 2023). (copied from Perera et al. 2023).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul.
References:
Perera RH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al. 2023 – Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. Fungal Diversity 118, 95–271.
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