Phaeochora
Phaeochora Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 118: 1513 (1909)
Sordariomycetidae, Phyllachorales, Phaeochoraceae, Phaeochora
Index Fungorum number: IF 3898; Facesoffungi number: FoF 02125; 4 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2020).
Saprotrophic or biotrophic on leaves of palms. Sexual morph: Stromata scattered as blackened regions, shiny black, visible on upper and lower leaf surfaces, hardly coalescing, uniloculate to multi-loculate, formed from brown cells of textura globosa and crystalline granules. Ostiole inconspicuous. Ascomata dark brown, oblate to subglobose. Peridium several layered, formed from strongly flattened, brown walled cells, thinner at the base. Periphyses and interascal tissue lacking. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, thin-walled, saccate, short pedicellate, without an apical ring, evanescent. Ascospores biseriate, triseriate to multi-seriate or irregular, golden to mid-brown, aseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform, with one flattened face, thick-walled, smooth or minutely verruculose, with globose, hyaline appendages near the apices of the flattened surface. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Peridium single layered, composed of brown cells of textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells narrowly conical, usually proliferating percurrently, occasionally sympodially, periclinal thickenings visible, without collarette. Conidia hyaline, aseptate, narrowly fusiform to bacillar, thin-walled (adapted from Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016).
Type species: Phaeochora chamaeropis (Cooke) Höhn. [as 'chamaeropsidis'], Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 118: 1513 (1909)
Notes: Phaeochora was introduced by Höhnel (1909) to accommodate Auerswaldia chamaeropis (= Dothidea chamaeropsis). Höhnel (1909) treated A. chamaeropis as the type, and also considered A. densa belongs to Phaeochora. However, Shear (1909) transferred A. densa to Sphaerodothis found an earlier name S. steinheilii for the type species of Phaeochora, and synonymized it as P. steinheilii. The two genera Phaeochora and Sphaerodothis were superficially similar and were treated as synonyms by von Arx & Müller (1954) and Joly (1961). Species in Phaeochora cause blackened regions on the host surface with stromata and ellipsoidal, fusiform or cylindrical ascospores, but are different in ascomata and ascospores structure; while Sphaerodothis has cylindrical asci (Hyde & Cannon 1999). Phaeochora steinheilii is characterized by ascospores having one flattened face, with two, ± pulvinate extrusions of the epispore near the apices of the flattened surface (Cannon 1992, Hyde et al. 1997).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Phaeochora steinheilii (Mont.) E. Müll.
References:
Cannon PF. 1992 – IMI descriptions of fungi and bacteria, set 114, nos 1131–1140. Mycopathologia 120, 43–64
Höhnel F von. 1909 – Fragmente zur Mykologie (IX. Mitteilung, Nr. 407 bis 467). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse, Abt. I 118, 1461–1552
Hyde KD, Cannon PF, Barr ME. 1997 – Phaeochoraceae, a new ascomycete family from palms. Systema Ascomycetum 15, 117–120
Hyde KD, Cannon PF. 1999 – Fungi causing tar spots on palms. Mycological Papers 175, 1–114
Joly P. 1961 – Le genre Sphaerodothis Shear. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel Sect. D Botany 10, 187–193
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2016 – Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317
Shear CL. 1909 – Sphaerodothis, a new genus of dothidiaceous fungi. Mycologia 1, 161–163
von Arx JA, Müller E. 1954 – Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz 11, 1–434
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