Helminthosphaeria
Helminthosphaeria Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23-24: 166 (1870) [1869-70]
Sordariomycetidae, Chaetosphaeriales, Helminthosphaeriaceae, Helminthosphaeria
Index Fungorum number: IF2263; 18 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2020), 9 species with sequence data.
Saprobic on wood or decorticated branch in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, grouped or scattered, solitary, immersed or superficial, ovoid, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, smooth, tuberculate, rough or with setae, the apex collapsing when dry, papillate or ostiole indistinct. Ostioles periphysate. Peridium comprising two layers, outer layer composed of brown cells of textura angularis or prismatica, carbonaceous or membranaceous; inner layer comprising hyaline cells of textura prismatica, thin, membranaceous. Paraphyses abundant, septate, persistent or deliquescing, swollen, filiform or cylindrical. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, thin or thick-walled, cylindrical to clavate, pedicellate, apex truncate, with J-, apical ring or indistinct. Ascospores 2-seriate, hyaline or brown or becoming dark colored in part, allantoid, clavate, cylindrical to ellipsoid, usually 1-septate, smooth-walled, with or without guttules or pores. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, scattered or gregarious, brown, straight, septate, unbranched, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells mono- or polyblastic, terminal, intercalary, integrated, elongating percurrently; conidiogenesis tretic. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, brown, aseptate or septate, obclavate, globose to fusiform to cylindrical, straight, subtruncate to obtuse at the apex, truncate or swollen at the base, at times guttulate (Hyde et al. 2020).
Type species: Helminthosphaeria clavariarum (Desm.) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23-24: 166 (1870) [1869-70]
Notes: Helminthosphaeria was included in Melanosporaceae, in Sordariales based on its 1-septate ascospores with apical pores (Parguey-Leduc 1960). Lundqvist (1972) excluded Helminthosphaeria from Melanosporaceae due to its distinct filamentous pseudoparaphyses and asci lacking sheaths. Barr (1990) reevaluated Sordariaceae and included Helminthosphaeria. Eriksson & Hawksworth (1993) placed Helminthosphaeria in Sordariales. Samuels et al. (1997) monographed the genus, including the asexual morph Diplococcium, and introduced Helminthosphaeriaceae (Goh & Hyde 1998, Réblová 1999, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Helminthosphaeria pilifera Réblová
References:
Barr ME. 1990 – Prodromus to nonlichenized, pyrenomycetous members of class Hymenoascomycetes. Mycotaxon 39, 43–184.
Eriksson OE, Hawksworth DL. 1993 – Outline of the Ascomycetes–1993. Systema Ascomycetum 12, 51–257.
Goh TK, Hyde KD. 1998 – A new hyphomycete genus, Conioscyphopsis, from wood submerged in a freshwater stream and a review of Conioscypha. Mycological Research 102, 305–312.
Hernández-Restrepo M, Gené J, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Mena-Portales J. 2017 − Phylogeny of saprobic microfungi from Southern Europe. Studies in Mycology 86, 53−97.
Hyde KD, Norphanphoun C, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Bhat DJ et al. 2020 – Refined families of Sordariomycetes. Mycosphere 11, 305–1059.
Lundqvist N. 1972 – Nordic Sordariaceae s. lat. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalliensis 20, 1–374.
Parguey-Leduc A. 1960 – Étude des asques et du deĢveloppement de 1’ Helminthosphaeria clavariarum (Desm.) Fuck. ap. Munk. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 76, 15–33.
Réblová M. 1999 – Studies in Chaetosphaeria sensu lato I. The genera Chaetosphaerella and Tengiomyces gen. nov. of the Helminthosphaeriaceae. Mycotaxon 70, 387–420.
Samuels GJ, Barr ME. 1997 – Notes on and additions to the Niessliaceae (Hypocreales). Canadian Journal of Botany 75, 2165–2176.
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