Chaetosphaeria
Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul., Select. fung. carpol. (Paris) 2: 252 (1863)
Sordariomycetidae, Chaetosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeria
Index Fungorum number: IF 970; 107 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2020); 50 species with sequence data.
Saprobic on wood hosts in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata grouped, immersed in a basal stroma or superficial, perithecial, ovoid, globose to subglobose, black, membranaceous or carbonaceous, smooth or covered by setae, the apex collapsing when dry, ostiolate, papillate. Ostiole comprising hyaline periphyses. Ascomatal wall 2-layered, outer layer made up of brown cells of textura epidermoidea, thin, carbonaceous; inner layer composed of cells of textura prismatica, thin, membranaceous. Paraphyses numerous, septate, branched, cylindrical. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, with a short pedicel, comprising a small, distinct, J-, apical ring. Ascospores bi- to triseriate, allantoid or ellipsoid, hyaline, septate, guttulate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, gregarious or scattered, hyaline or dark brown, flexuous or straight, unbranched or branched, septate, comprising short encircling collar hyphae. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, monophialidic or polyphialidic, holoblastic to enteroblastic, with percurrent or sympodial proliferation, comprising a distinctive funnel-shaped collarette. Conidia grouped, hyaline to brown, fusiform, cylindrical to allantoid, continuous, flexuous, aseptate to multi-septate, straight or curved, obtuse to subobtusely rounded at apex, with a truncate base, mucilaginous, with or without appendage, guttulate or eguttulate (adapted from Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016).
Type species: Chaetosphaeria innumera Berk. & Broome ex Tul. & C. Tul., Select. fung. carpol. (Paris) 2: 252 (1863)
Notes: Species of the genus are characterized by black ascomata with surface smooth or covered by setae, 8-spored asci, with a small, distinct, refractive, J-, apical ring and septate, hyaline ascospores (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b, Fernández et al. 2006). The asexual morph of Chaetosphaeria is hyphomycetous with macronematous or mononematous conidiophores, monophialidic or polyphialidic, conidiogenous cells, aseptate to multi-septate, guttulate or eguttulate conidia, with or without appendages (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b, Fernández et al. 2006). Chaetosphaeria species are saprobes on decaying plant material in terrestrial and freshwater habitats (Fernández & Huhndorf 2005, Perera et al. 2016b, Atkinson et al. 2007).
Species illustrated in this entry:
Chaetosphaeria catenulata Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su
Chaetosphaeria guttulata Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su
Chaetosphaeria jonesii R.H. Perera, Maharachch., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
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